Hmh small group instruction

A K-6 reading curriculum, HMH Into Reading uses the latest to literacy research to ensure any student learns toward read and write with confidence. ... Teachers have get they need in one place to facilitate methodic or explicit whole- and small-group print instruction and to support students as they work independant.

HMH's K-12 intervention programs are built on 20+ years of proven results. We can help teachers develop an intervention curriculum that meets students' needs. ... Small-Group Instruction Strategies. Dr. Heather Haynes Smith. Associate Professor in the Department of Education, Trinity University. April 19, 2024. Podcast: Embracing Data and ...A brief explanation of Small Group Instruction. What is it? Why do we use it in the classroom? How are students grouped most effectively? What are the best p...The scores for HMH Growth Measure assessments are provided on the Growth Reports and are defined as follows. - Scaled Score - the first value of this score is the test-level based scale, which is often the same as the student's rostered grade-level, but not always. For Foundational Literacy Assessment (also known as the FLA), the Scaled Score is presented as FLA-01 to FLA-99 and takes ...First, students in the High 5s program received substantially more math instruction than control students. Kindergarten teachers spent an average of 52 minutes per day on math, for a total of ...Beta. chrisgarner77. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Should, So it, Group conferences and more.An elementary educator and HMH Emissary portions tips plus resources on instructions to implement small-group instruction in the classroom, including a downloadable small-group lesson plan template. ... HMH Reads Digital Library, K-5. inFact Leveled Libraries, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5.20 Years of Raising Reading Achievement. Supporting an MTSS approach, Read 180 integrates research around personalized best practices, adaptive technology, instructional strategies based on the science of reading, and scaffolded support for reading independently. Students receive systematic, explicit instruction and practice of foundational ...

An basic educator and HMH Representative shares tips and resources on how to implement small-group instruction in one my, including a downloadable small-group moral layout template. Curriculum ... HMH Indicate Numeral Library, K-5. inFact Leveled Our, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5.An instructional manual is a crucial tool for providing step-by-step guidance on how to use a product or perform a task. One of the most significant mistakes when creating an instr...Carpet washers are a great way to keep your carpets looking like new. But if you’re new to using a carpet washer, it can be difficult to know where to start. To help you out, we’ve...HMH Reads Digital Library, K-5. inFact Leveled Libraries, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5. Science & Engineering Levelled Readers, K-5. ... COMPLEMENT Stacked Instruction in a …Get extremities from JillE Literacy, literacy expert, author Jill Eggleton on small-group reading instruction which enables teachers to observe students more closely and customize instruction based switch their individual needs. ... HMH Reads Digital Library, K-5. inFact Leveled Libraries, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5.You'll find resources for your focus wall, centers, bellwork, phonics practice, and so much more! With over 40 pages of resources per week of instruction, weekly and cumulative games, family letters, and more, this product really is your one stop shop for Into Reading First Grade. *This is included in my Into Reading First Grade Growing Bundle *.Literacy by Design core literacy curriculum features whole class interaction followed by differentiated small group instruction and shared connections followed by independent focus. A consistent instructional path ensures seamless reciprocity between Reading and Writing Workshop. This comprehensive, balanced literacy program is fully correlated to the Common Core State Standards and provides ...

An elementary trainers and HMH Ambassador shares tips and resources on instructions up implementation small-group instruction for the schoolroom, including an downloadable small-group teaching plan screen. ... HMH Reads Differential Library, K-5. inFact Leveled Tree, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5. Science & Project Leveled Readers, K-5.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Welcome to the Math in Focus® Hub! This is your source for all things Math in Focus: Singapore Math®by Marshall Cavendish®. This Hub will feature special events, news, and noteworthy topics of interest to educators following the Singaporean pedagogy. Join the Hub Club to be receive our Math in Focus quarterly ...Math 180 is data-rich software with a variety of reports to help you plan lessons personalized to your classroom and ensure robust discussion. Build growth mindsets. Experience math instruction grounded in research. In particular, leverage the great work of Carol Dweck around fixed and growth mindsets.The use of small group student discourse feeds into differentiated math instruction during the mathematics lesson. As you tour the classroom, see and hear student discussions, mistakes, and possible solution pathways, you do much more than listen. You use prepared prompts that can scaffold down an entry point into the mathematical task ...When you purchase a new Bissell vacuum cleaner or carpet cleaner, it often comes with an instruction manual that provides valuable information on how to operate and maintain your a...An elementary educator and HMH Ambassador shares tips and resources on how to implement small-group instruction includes the classroom, including a downloadable small-group lesson plan template. ... SUPPLEMENTAL 5 Steps for Hiring Skyward Small Group Math Instruction in the Elementary Grades. A Chance within the …

Bumpugs.

Examples of instructional materials include books, pamphlets, games, maps, textbooks, musical scores, notebooks, films and videos. Instructional materials can be divided into fixed...Word Building. Word building is an effective and hands-on way for students to practice phonics. You can use foam letters, magnetic letters, or even word building templates. Sometimes the word building will be guided (e.g., "add a /t/, take away the /e/, etc.), and sometimes I'll just see how many words my students can build using the ...HMH's supplemental math and reading programs go beyond core solutions, providing the right supplemental curriculum to boost student outcomes. ... Small-Group Instruction Strategies. Dr. Heather Haynes Smith. Associate Professor in the Department of Education, Trinity University. April 19, 2024. 8 Fun Last-Day-of-School Activities for …An elementary educator and HMH Ambassador shares tips and resources on whereby till implement small-group instruction in the classroom, including ampere downloadable small-group lesson plan template. ... INTERVENTION HMH Into Ready | K-6 Reading Curriculum | How Mifflin Harcourt. English 3D, 4-12. Read 180, 3-12. System 44, 3-12.Rich Content and Standards-Based Instruction • Research-based, explicit, systematic instruction • •Resources and support for whole class, small group, and independent work • Materials for striving readers and writers, English learners, and advanced learners • Equitable Spanish Language Arts program, HMH ¡Arriba la Lectura!™HMH Teacher Central Lesson Plan for Whole- and Small-Group Instruction STANDARDS CCSS: RI.6-8.1, 2, 4; SL.6-8.1, 2; L.6-8.4.a, 6; CA ELD: Part 1.A.1; Part I.B.6.a, b Workshop 2 Lesson 8 Materials ReaL Book pp. 92–93 Academic Interaction Card Photo Essay: Decade of Drought (Day 1) HEADS UP Word Count: 328 | Lexile Measure: 950L | Qualitative ...

HMH Teacer Central Lesson Plan for Whole- and Small-Group Instruction Workshop 4 Lesson 11 ... Instruction Page 2 of 8 MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ... WHOLE GROUP DO NOW! Show You Know Use the Do Now routine. 1) Display the Do Now and assign the task.Maximizing Small Group Reading Instruction . Small group reading instruction is often touted as a best practice (see Reutzel & Clark, 2018) and has long been considered a mainstay in U.S. elementary classrooms. In fact, over two-thirds of elementary teachers report teaching in small groups at least a few times a week (Lenski et al., 2016; NCES ...Small group instruction is one of the most common ways of teaching in early childhood education. When you have a classroom of 15-25 students, all with varying skill sets, you kind of need small groups! Small group instruction is when you teach the students in groupings of 2-6 students. As ages go up, small group may often follow whole group ...Find out the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about Math 180, an intensive intervention program known for helping to raise student achievement in math by more than two years in one school year. Robert Hansen. Vice President Product Management, HMH. April 1, 2024.Beth Moore wrote a post with three quick tips for small group strategy lessons. Melanie wrote a series of three posts all focused on small group instruction. Getting Started; Tools; Reminders; Suggested Reading. Here are some of my favorite resources when I am planning a teaching point or lesson for a small group.Sep 27, 2021 · Discover One-on-One Teaching Benefits. Addressing individual learning needs delivers advantages for students and teachers. Students receive tutoring in a skill or concept they had trouble grasping during small-group or whole-group instruction. Teachers build stronger relationships with students while giving them the personalized help they need. 1. Use Technology Effectively to Save Time. One of the best strategies for maximizing instructional time in the classroom is to incorporate technology wisely into your curriculum. Since it’s impossible to clone ourselves and be in all places for all students at once, technology can help reduce some of the burden.Use this extended whole-group lesson to build community as students gain ... HMH Teacher Central Lesson Plan for Whole- and Small-Group Instruction Workshop 4 Lesson 1 STANDARDS CCSS.ELA-LITERACY: SL.1.1A, SL.1.1B, SL.1.1C, SL.1.2, SL.2.1A, SL.2.1B, SL.2.1C, ... RESOURCES FOR DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONHMH's K-12 intervention programs are built on 20+ years of proven results. We can help teachers develop an intervention curriculum that meets students' needs. ... Small-Group Instruction Strategies. Dr. Heather Haynes Smith. Associate Professor in the Department of Education, Trinity University. April 19, 2024. 8 Fun Last-Day-of-School ...The measure is administered to small groups of 6 to 10 children and is untimed. Students receive raw scores that are normed. Nonword spelling (Second Half of Kindergarten; Screen). This measure strongly predicts which kindergarten students will demonstrate growth in blending and segmenting after small-group phonological awareness instruction."READ 180®" is a reading program designed for struggling readers who are reading 2 or more years below grade level. It combines online and direct instruction, student assessment, and teacher professional development. "READ 180®" is delivered in 90-minute sessions that include whole-group instruction, three small-group rotations, and whole-class wrap-up.An elementary teacher and HMH Ambassador shares tips and resources on how to implement small-group instruction in the classroom, including a downloadable small-group lesson plan template.

Many individuals with dyslexia benefit from targeted small-group instruction or one-on-one help so that they can move forward at their own pace. In addition, students with dyslexia often need a great deal of structured practice and immediate, corrective feedback to develop automatic word recognition skills ( IDA, 2017a ; Moats & Dakin, 2008 ).

An elementary educator and HMH Ambassador shares hint and resources on like to implement small-group instruct in the classroom, including a downloadable small-group unit plant template. ... HMH Reads Digital Library, K-5. inFact Leveled Libraries, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5. Science & Engineering Leveled Readers, K-5.Trustees and instructed delegates are individuals elected by the public to represent their interests in the House of Representatives and the Senate. They represent two divergent th...Small Group Instruction professional development can be configured to meet your district's unique needs for educators and students. The Reading App also works in alignment with the Small Group Instruction model to provide evidence-based reading instruction that accelerates the reading process for developing readers.Mar 25, 2022 · Small-group work can provide targeted, differentiated reading instruction that accommodates the needs of students reading at various levels. Teaching Foundational Literacy Skills with Digital Tools The use of digital tools to support early literacy instruction has skyrocketed over the past couple of decades, particularly with the pandemic ... Ed.D. Student at Teachers College, Columbia University · Experience: Teachers College, Columbia University · Education: Rutgers Graduate School of Education · Location: New York · 500 ...Guided Math Small group instruction allows you to truly differentiate your lessons. It allows you to offer rigorous, targeting instruction on that particular group's ability level. By utilizing small group instruction, this allows you to help your students learn and practice mathematical discourse. The students have the opportunity to engage ...Below is a differentiated lesson plan example pulled from HMH Into Reading. This lesson includes suggestions for differentiation in both small-group instruction and whole-group instruction. Modifications to support all learners and multilingual learners are provided at the bottom of the lesson. Options for small-group differentiation are noted ...There will be 6 units in total for the Reaching Readers program. In Reaching Readers Unit 1 Differentiated Alphabet Games, you will receive 9 different games for your guided reading small group instruction. This unit covers all the letters in the alphabet and helps build phonemic awareness.

Weather in fairburn ga.

Fulton ms walmart pharmacy.

Many individuals with dyslexia benefit from targeted small-group instruction or one-on-one help so that they can move forward at their own pace. In addition, students with dyslexia often need a great deal of structured practice and immediate, corrective feedback to develop automatic word recognition skills ( IDA, 2017a ; Moats & Dakin, 2008 ). or with you in a small group. Whole-Group Minilesson Learn Together: 15–20 mins. Small-Group & Independent Work: 45–60 mins. Wrap-Up: 5 mins. Whole-Group Wrap-Up R A E C O L L A B O R A T I V E I N D E P E N D E N T L N I N G T E A C H E R-L ED S M A L L G R O U P 8 HMH Into Reading | 9 HMH's K-12 intervention programs are built on 20+ years of proven results. We can help teachers develop an intervention curriculum that meets students' needs. ... Explore this list of math intervention strategies before giving a lesson, as they can be used in whole-class or small-group math instruction and guide what problems to use in the ...HMH Rigby PM books offers small-group and individual reading instruction. Curriculum ... HMH Reads offers over 480 digitally enhanced leveled texts on Ed that seamlessly support skills-based reading instruction in grades K-5. Learn More . HMH Into Reading. HMH Into Reading's comprehensive approach to literacy for Grades K-6 cultivates ...WHOLE GROUP DO NOW! Show You Know Display the Do Now. A bully acts like a when he or she . Share Have students share their responses using the Do Now routine. What characteristics, or qualities, would a bully and a tyrant share? How are they different? anno tkA bully and a tyrant both . Bullies and tyrants are different because . E NGAG ETeaching reading in 5th grade is one of the best parts of teaching 5th grade. The standards and text level are more rigorous than in primary grades, but the students are much more independent. The books the students read are much more entertaining and interesting to read as a teacher. The discussions can be quite meaningful and deep as well.These small gang instructional strategies for the arithmetic classroom will help ensure respective small groups in math class are effective for you also beneficial... Have questions regarding HMH's acquisition by NWEA? We answer them bitte. Curriculum. EDUCATION. KERNEL CORE;How to Write a Rap | Grades 6-12. Teacher Guide: Use this guide to teach students how to write a rap using this episode of Literacy at Work. This lesson plan can be used with individual students or for whole-classes instruction. Teacher Rubric: Use this rubric with the Teacher Guide to assess your students' written raps and performances.These small group instructional strategies for the math classroom will help ensure your smal groups in math class are effective for thee and beneficial... HMH Support is here to support you get back till educate right. Get started. Curriculum. LITERACY. HEART CURRICULUM; Into Literary, 6-12Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Welcome to the Math in Focus® Hub! This is your source for all things Math in Focus: Singapore Math®by Marshall Cavendish®. This Hub will feature special events, news, and noteworthy topics of interest to educators following the Singaporean pedagogy. Join the Hub Club to be receive our Math in Focus quarterly ...Families and caregivers can access their child's lessons and assignments. Equitable, at-home learning resources are available in English and Spanish. On-demand tips and videos are personalized for every student. HMH creates a well-calibrated system in the district because all the teachers are using the same services and learning the same content.Students rotate between teacher-led small group instruction and personalized software. Students will spend 20-25 minutes in each rotation every day. ... Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (2015) Early Effects of MATH 180 on Academic Achievement, HMH … ….

Small group math instruction allows me to really meet the needs of all of the learners in my classroom. Together with whole class instruction and math centers, small groups help me ensure my students master the standards and skills in deeper levels. In this 4-part blog post series, I will share an in-depth look at what small groups in math look ...The programs use both whole-group and small-group instruction to make sure the student’s individual needs are met. When focusing on whole-group instruction, a teacher may work at a macro level addressing skills that the entire class needs, such as getting started on an assignment or reviewing basic concepts.Small Group Direct Instruction for Academic and Social Skills Pre-Instruction Decisions: Determine: 1. Which students will be taught in a group 2. What academic behaviors you will teach 3. What procedure you will use (see Progressive Time Delay or System of Least Prompts) 4. Whether you will use an attending cue 5.An elementary educator and HMH Messenger shares tips and resources on how at apply small-group instruction in the classroom, including ampere downloadable small-group lesson plan template.Differentiated support may include meeting with a small group of students to practice skills that build understanding. These skills coach lessons provide direct instruction on targeted skills and opportunities for students to practice and apply the skill. 5. Vary Discussion Style.Set up your guided reading groups with these steps: Choose a writing skill for students to focus on. Choose which students will benefit from honing in on that skill. Meet with this group while others students are working on other writing tasks. Ideas for independent work during guided writing: editing or proofreading assignments, working on the ...Grades 9–12 ELA Activity Set 1: Ripped from the Headlines and More. Have high school students analyze news stories, poems, and short stories with these instructional resources designed for remote learning. Shaped Staff. April 9, 2020. Read More. ***. View more language arts teaching ideas for high school. Or, check out our full …Below is a differentiated lesson plan example pulled from HMH Into Reading. This lesson includes suggestions for differentiation in both small-group instruction and whole-group instruction. Modifications to support all learners and multilingual learners are provided at the bottom of the lesson. Options for small-group differentiation are noted ...Ed.D. Student at Teachers College, Columbia University · Experience: Teachers College, Columbia University · Education: Rutgers Graduate School of Education · Location: New York · 500 ... Hmh small group instruction, HMH's supplemental math and reading programs go beyond core solutions, providing the right supplemental curriculum to boost student outcomes. ... Small-Group Instruction Strategies. Dr. Heather Haynes Smith. Associate Professor in the Department of Education, Trinity University. April 19, 2024. 8 Fun Last-Day-of-School Activities for Elementary ..., When things begin to line up, you can see confidence start to shine in students' eyes. Journeys is a comprehensive K-6 English language arts program. It provides an instructional system for reading both literature and informational texts, for acquiring foundational reading skills, and for developing mastery of speaking, listening and writing., The Alexa Echo Instruction Manual is a comprehensive guide that helps users navigate and utilize all the features and functions of their Alexa Echo device. Whether you are a new ow..., The READ 180 Universal instructional model supports multiple tiers by balancing whole-group instruction with small-group instruction that is ... Resources for Differentiated Instruction in HMH Teacher Central include lessons that teachers can use to build students’ background knowledge and promote mental model development during Whole-Group ..., These four print-and-go trifolds target the skill of main idea and supporting details. Use these main idea trifolds over the course of 4 days to provide targeted instruction or intervention on this topic.As I was creating these trifolds, I pictured myself using them with small groups of students. , Get tips from literacy expert JillE on small-group reading instruction, which allows for a more intimate setting and enables teachers to observe students more closely., An elementary educator and HMH Ambassador measures tips and resources on how to implementation small-group instruction in the classroom, including a downloadable small-group lesson plan template. ... HMH Record Digital Video, K-5. inFact Leveled Libraries, K-5. Rigby PM, K-5. Science & Civil Leveled Readers, K-5., Districts can partner with an HMH Instructional Coach to meet their specific needs. Teachers benefit from collaborative sessions that facilitate instruction within Math 180—delivered live, online, and in person using …, Browse our personalized K-12 classroom solutions by subject and program to discover ways HMH can support you. Curriculum . LITERACY . CORE CURRICULUM . Into Literature, 6-12. Into Reading, K-6. SEE ALL LITERACY. INTERVENTION . English 3D, 4-12. Read 180, 3-12 ..., A structured approach is critical to the success of any small group teaching session; preparation and planning are key elements in ensuring the session is systematic and effective. Learning activities guide and engage students towards the achievement of agreed learning outcomes. This paper introduces the central concepts of planning and preparing a small group teaching session. It provides an ..., Beta. chrisgarner77. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Should, So it, Group conferences and more., The Alexa Echo Instruction Manual is a comprehensive guide that helps users navigate and utilize all the features and functions of their Alexa Echo device. Whether you are a new ow..., Incorporating small group instruction during your literacy block allows you to not only focus on fewer students, but provide an opportunity for guidance and support in a specific reading objective they would benefit from. Remember, this is a time to reinforce and reteach, not for your students to learn something new., Ed.D. Student at Teachers College, Columbia University · Experience: Teachers College, Columbia University · Education: Rutgers Graduate School of Education · Location: New York · 500 ..., Get tips from literacy expert JillE on small-group reading instruction, which allows for a more insinuate setting furthermore enables teachers to observe... Have questions about HMH’s acquisition of NWEA? We respond them here. ... HMH Social Studies, 6-12 SEE ALL SOCIAL STUDIES; AP & ELECTIVES; AP Human Geographical ..., I created these slides as a supplement to the new HMH Into Math Grade 5 curriculum. I wanted my students to have some more practice with digital manipulatives. These slides can be shared by Google Classroom as an assignment (make a copy for each student) during a warm-up or small group instruction (either independent or teacher-guided)., Multisensory approaches to reading instruction use multiple senses to establish several routes between the text stimulus and the brain. Teachers help students integrate the visual and auditory with large whole-body, local manual, or smaller lip and mouth movements. If there is an impairment of the visual pathway, the other senses can …, HMH Professional Services. Why? Utmost Confidence with Proven Results! Built upon a research-based instructional design and proven efficacy results, Journeys is the most widely used reading program across the country. Empower Students to Read Rigorous Texts., HMH's supplemental math and reading programs go beyond core solutions, providing the right supplemental curriculum to boost student outcomes. ... Students who are identified as at-risk through screening or progress monitoring will also receive Tier 2 support, or small-group, focused instruction on specific skills. A smaller portion of students ..., An elementary educator and HMH Messenger shares tips and resources on how at apply small-group instruction in the classroom, including ampere downloadable small-group lesson plan template., HMH Into Math, Grade 5, Modules 11-20 BUNDLE. I created these slides as a supplement to the new HMH Into Math Grade 5 curriculum. I wanted my students to have some more practice with digital manipulatives. These slides can be shared by Google Classroom as an assignment (make a copy for each student) during a warm-up or small group instruction (., See additional instructions: Read 180 on HMH Ed Class and Student Placement; Placing Students using MAP Growth Assessment by NWEA; ... This will give teachers access to all Whole/Small Group instructional content by Workshop. They can launch the Digital Teacher’s Edition, Display options, and other Teacher Tools from …, HMH Teacher Central Lesson Plan for Whole- and Small-Group Instruction STANDARDS CCSS: SL.6-8.1, 2; L.6-8.6; CA ELD: Part I.A.1; Part I.B.5 Workshop 4 Lesson 1 Materials ReaL Book pp. 188–191 Anchor Video: Most Wanted! Anchor Video: Most Wanted HEADS UP The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln is one of the most significant crimes in US ..., HMH Word Network • benefit • distinct • environment • illustrate • respond Primary Resources ... etc.,) Reteach/Review (small -group instruction, stations, etc.,) Enrichment Lesson # 7: Independent Reader's Choice Read: Self-Selected Texts from eBook Reading Instruction: Before: Setting a Purpose During: Independent Reading and ..., Small group instruction is most powerful when it is used to deliver instruction for the specific needs of the learner (McCleod, S.A.2012). Although we may think of SGI as a remedial tool used for struggling students when scaffolding to mastery of a standard, it is also the way to accelerate, extend, and enrich learning. ..., Writing Bridge to Small Group Instruction Bridge In a story, include characters, a problem, and a solution. Describe where your story takes place. Missing Money One day, Liz looked inside the secret can she kept under her bed. All of the money she had been saving was gone! She stomped across the hall to ask her sister if she had seen the money ..., Small group instruction is a powerful tool for 1st grade teachers to target specific mathematical skills and provide individualized support for students. However, managing small groups can be a challenge, especially when it comes to math. Here are 9 tips to help 1st grade teachers make the most of their small group math instruction time., Small group instruction Literacy Centers Print rich environment ... read a variety of texts at independent and instructional levels engage in HMH Into Reading suggested literacy centers engage in explicit guided reading with educator on focused objective based on, Get tips from literacy expert JillE on small-group reading instruction, which allows for a more intimate setting and enables teachers to observe... Learn more about HMH’s agreement to acquire NWEA and what it means for teachers and students, The importance of discourse in math extends beyond classroom walls and benefits both students and teachers: The teacher learns the content more deeply and better learns how to teach it ( Sherin, 2002 ). Students learn to think like mathematicians ( Jang, 2010 ). Students learn mathematics at a deeper level ( Clark et al., 2012 )., HMH READ 180 • rSkills Tests Overview • Page 3 of 35 READ 180 Overview ... • To monitor progress with rBook® skills taught in Whole- and Small-Group instruction • To group and regroup students for targeted instruction • To familiarize students with the item types on the Next Generation Assessments (See pages 4-5 .) ..., There will be 6 units in total for the Reaching Readers program. In Reaching Readers Unit 1 Differentiated Alphabet Games, you will receive 9 different games for your guided reading small group instruction. This unit covers all the letters in the alphabet and helps build phonemic awareness., Small-group reading instruction supports teaching new skills and allows supervised guided practice of the essential components of literacy: oral language, phonological sensitivity, phoneme awareness, phonics, spelling, fluency, vocabulary and morphology, comprehension, and written expression.